Abstract: Educational fairness is one of the glorious ideals for harmonious society.The significance of Rawls’ Justice lies in advocating a comprehensive concept of justice,and lining up its core variables of "Priority Liberty","Equal Opportunity","Difference Principle",and "Efficiency Principle" into lexical order by two Priority Principles.According the theory,a new interpretation of basic educational fairness could be proposed.There are two main problems in our basic education system,one of which is the poor liberty of students who are fettered by the narrow-mind about development in a traditional mechanism;the other is the utilitarian leading with Difference Principle,because of the influence by market-directed economy.Only when we understand "Priority Liberty" and "Difference Principle" as two justice principles correctly by considering the difference of each person in model life,can we recover our core values while puzzling in the multi-culture world and search for the ethical foundation of educational reform.