Abstract: Rousseau declaimed a kind of politics of virtue centered on protection and performance of political liberty on which political virtues’ flourishing is based.He investigated men’s purity in the state of nature,which can measure the degrees of human’s corruption of character in a civilized society.Due to the development of science and art,human beings go far away from the natural purity and become hypocritical,deceitful and cruel,and construct so-called civilized institutions of enslavement.He claimed that in order to regain freedom and cultivate people into virtuous citizens,we should build a people’s political community,a moral group and a public self through making a social contract.The idea of virtue is at the heart of his political system.Rousseau’s political thought is an ideal one,we should be alert that someone will take this ideal as a political reality which we can achieve immediately by some actions.