Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of dendrobium compound on the apoptosis and mRNA expression of bax and bcl-2 in islet cells in diabetes rats.Methods The diabetes was induced by high fat and glucose feeding for 1 month,followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(30 mg).The diabetes rats were treated with dendrobium compound(7.5、15.0、30.0 g·kg-1)for two weeks and the apoptosis and mRNA expression of bax and bcl-2 were detected in islet cells.Results Dendrobium compound significantly decreased fasting blood glucose concentrations,islet cell apoptosis and bax expression,but obviously increased bcl-2 expression(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Dendrobium compound can reduce blood glucose concentrations and islet cell apoptosis through decreasing bax expression and increasing bcl-2 expression in pancreatic tissue in diabetes rats.