Abstract: Based on the theory of engineering structural reliability design,the reliability index is obtained and converted into safety factor aiming at anti-floating of structure.The results showed that "the method of single safe factor" is not good enough in anti-floating stability assessment.The structure bearing gravity loads and uplift force,the reliability method could precisely reflect actual state of anti-floating stability.If buoyancy is chosen as uprising effect,the corresponding anti-floating stability is not less than 1.10 or 1.20(used in trench-buried reinforced concrete immersed tunnel)during construction and operation.